In this episode, I explain the biology, symptoms, causes and types of bipolar disorder (sometimes called bipolar depression). I discuss neuroplasticity and how the brain normally regulates mood, energy, and perceptions; then, I contrast that with the biology of bipolar disorder, which is characterized by extremes of energy and mood, e.g., mania and depression. I outline the mechanisms through which bipolar disorder manifests in the brain, including deficits of interoception and reduced connections between the parietal and limbic systems. I also outline how treatment options (such as lithium) work in part through homeostatic plasticity.’ I discuss not only lithium but also the treatment of bipolar with ketamine, different talk therapies, electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and nutraceuticals, including Omega-3 and Inositol supplementation. This episode should interest anyone who has or knows someone with bipolar disorder and, more broadly, those interested in how the brain works to create a balance between thoughts, energy levels, focus, and mood.For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.Thank you to our sponsorsAG1: https://athleticgreens.com/hubermanLMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/hubermanlabWaking Up: https://wakingup.com/hubermanMomentous: https://livemomentous.com/hubermanTimestamps

Bipolar Disorder

Tool: Appetite Suppression & GLP-1, Parallel Pathways, Yerba Mate

Sponsors: AG1, LMNT

Prevalence & Severity of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder I, Diagnostic Criteria of Mania

Bipolar Disorder II, Individual Variability

Bipolar I vs. Bipolar II: Manic, Depressive & Symptom-Free States

Consequences of Bipolar Disorder, Heritability

Bipolar Disorder vs. Borderline Personality Disorder

Mania & Depression, Negative Impacts

History of Lithium Treatment

Lithium Treatment & Side-Effects

Effects of Lithium: BDNF, Anti-inflammatory & Neuroprotection

Neural Circuits of Bipolar Disorder, Interoception, Hyper- vs. Hypoactivity

Neural States & Mania, Parietal Lobe & Limbic System

Homeostatic Plasticity, Synaptic Scaling, Lithium & Ketamine

Talk Therapies: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Family-Focused Therapy, Interpersonal & Social Rhythm Therapy

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)

Psylocibin, Cannabis

Lifestyle Support, Supplements: Inositol & Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3s, Membrane Fluidity & Neuroplasticity

Mania, Creativity & Occupations

Bipolar Disorder: Diagnosis, Neural Circuits & Treatment